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• 1840-1960- Trade Unionism (Spartacus)

• AFL-CIO Official Web Page

• Benjamin Harrison (1) - PBS Series on the American Presidency

• Benjamin Harrison (2) - POTUS site

• Between a Rock and a Hard Place:  A History of American Sweatshops from 1820 to the Present (Smithsonian Institute)

• A Biography of America:  Industrial Supremacy (1875-1906) - Annenberg/CPB

• The Bisbee Deportation of 1917

• Boss Tweed and the Tammany Hall Machine" - essay by David Wiles

• Business Leaders (Spartacus)

• The Campaign to End Child Labor

• Cartoons Dealing with the 1902 Anthracite Coal Strike

• Chester A. Arthur (1) - PBS Series on the American Presidency

• Chester A. Arthur (2) - POTUS site

• Chicago Anarchists on Trial - Evidence from the Haymarket Affair, 1886-1887

• Child Labor in America:  1908-1912" - photos by Lewis W. Hine

• Coal Mining in the Gilded Age and Progressive Eras

• The Crime of 1873

• Dorothy Day and the Catholic Worker Movement

• The Dramas of Haymarket

• Eugene V. Debs Foundation

• Florence Kelley -- A Woman of Fierce Fidelity

• Grover Cleveland (1) - PBS Series on the American Presidency

• Grover Cleveland (2) - POTUS site

• History of Andrew Carnegie and the Carnegie Libraries

• How Did Florence Kelley's Campaign against Sweatshops in Chicago in the 1890s Contribute to State Formation?" (19 documents; 3 images)

• The Industrial Revolution & Progressive Era

• Inside an American Factory--The Westinghouse Works:  1904 (American Memory - LOC)

• Interurban Rail:  Incorporating the Hinterlands at the Dawn of the Twentieth Century

• The Inventor's Finest Creation:  Thomas Edison and the Making of a Myth

• I. W. W.  Official Web Site

• "The I.W.W.--Its History, Structure and Methods" - Vincent St. John

• I.W.W. Songs to Fan the Flames of Discontent - Joe Hill

• James Garfield (1) - PBS Series on the American Presidency

• James Garfield (2) - POTUS site

• John D. Rockefeller and the Standard Oil Company

• Labor History Timeline:  1778-1991

• The Life of Henry Ford

• The Molly Maguires

• New York State AFL-CIO

• The Nineteenth Century in Print- Periodicals

• Pinkerton Detective Agency

• Political Cartoons of the Post-Civil War Era

• The Pullman Strike:  Chicago, 1894

• Pullman Strikes Out as a Model Town

• Publications by the Industrial Workers of the World

• Religion and the Founding of America

• Robber Barons" -  essay by J. Bradford DeLong

• The Rockefellers (The American Experience PBS series)

• Samuel Gompers Papers:  A Documentary History of the American Working Class

• The Telephone (The American Experience PBS series)

• Trade Unions (Spartacus)

• The Triangle Factory Fire:  March 25, 1911

• The Vanderbilt Mansion (Hyde Park, NY)

• "VegSource and the Meat-Packers" by Jeffrey Armour Nelson

• William McKinley (1) - PBS Series on the American Presidency

• William McKinley (2) - POTUS site

• The Wizard of Photography--The Story of George Eastman (The American Experience PBS series)

• Work in the Late 19c - 8 personal accounts

• The Work of Charles and Ray Eames:  A Legacy of Invention

• 1857:  Social Darwinism - Herbert Spencer

• 1864-1914:  Index of U.S. Manufacturing Production, 1864-1914 - chart

• 1870-1900:  Iron, Steel, and Coal Production 1870-1900 - chart

• 187?:  Labor and wages, as they are affected by a depreciated currency" - leaflet

• 1870:  The labor movement. Mass meeting of working-men at the Mechanics' Pavilion, speeches of General A. M. Winn, Hon. Philip A. Roach, C. C. Terrill, Frank M. Pixley, and others - The Southern Pacific railroad" - pamphlet

• 1871:  Children Who Work" - Scribners Monthly / Volume 1, Issue 6, April 1871

• 1872:  Millions of Acres" - railroad land grant broadside

• 1872:  New York City--The Eight-hour Movement--Procession of workingmen on a 'strike,' in the Bowery, June 10th, 1872." - wood engraving based on a sketch by Matthew Morgan, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper (6/29)

• 1876-1920:  Voter Participation in Presidential Elections, 1876-1920 - chart

• 1873:  The Slaughter-House Cases

• 1874:  National Labor Reform Platform

• 1876:  Greenback Party Platform

• 1877:  Munn v. Illinois  

• 1877:  Pennsylvania--The railroad riot in Pittsburgh--The Philadelphia militia firing on the mob" - wood engraving based on a sketch by John Donaghy, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper (supplement) - 8/4

• 1877:  The Strike of 1877 - Allan Pinkerton

• 1878:  Bland-Allison Act (2/28)

• 1878:  The Bland silver bill. To the editor of the Herald." -  New York (1/10) - broadside

• 1878:  Leave Them Alone; That Is the Remedy” - A Manufacturer’s Solution to the Depression

• 1878:  Ode to the Odious" - Phillips Thomson Ridicules Laissez-Faire

• 1878:  On the Road Again - Pinkerton on the Tramp

• 1878:  Our Misery and Despair” - Denis Kearney Blasts Chinese Immigration

• 1878:  Silver Purchase Act

• 1878:  Store Pay Is Our Ruin”- The Tyranny of the Company Store - Ohio Bureau of Labor Statistics First Annual Report

• 1878:  We ask it; we demand it, and we intend to have it” - Printer Albert R. Parsons Testifies before Congress about the Eight Hour Day

• 1878:  The Workingman’s Ten Commandments - Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen’s Monthly Magazine

• 1879:  Poor Little Stephen Girard" - Mark Twain Lampoons the Horatio Alger Myth

• 1879:  Proceedings of the Thirteenth Session of the National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry

• 1879:  Progress and Poverty - Henry George

• 1880:  Greenback-Labor Party Platform

• 1880s:  In the Beginning . . .” - A Knight of Labor's Sacred Oath

• 1881:  American federation of labor endeavors to unite all classes of wage-workers under one head, through their several organizations to the end. 1 That class, race, creed, political and trade prejudices may be abolished. 2. That support, moral and financial, may be given to each other ... Washington, D. C." - broadside     (image)

• 1881:  Preamble to the Constitution of the Knights of Labor

• 1882:  The Factory System as an Element in Civilization" - from Carroll D. Wright. Journal of Social Science. 16:1 (1882). 101-126

• 1883:  Pendleton Act

• 1883:  Pure and Simple” - Making the Case for Unionism

• 1883:  The Rich Are Good-Natured” - William Graham Sumner Defends the Wealthy

• 1883:  Walt Whitman Salutes the Indo-Hispanic Contribution to America

• 1884:  Equal Rights Party Platform

• 1884:  Greenback Party Platform

• 1884:  The Issue of Protection to American Labor.’—Blaine” - political cartoon in Harper's Weekly (9/20)

• 1884:  Selfish wealth is never good” - A Worker’s Definition of Success

• 1884:  Six Families Budget Their Money - Illinois Bureau of Labor Statistics

• 1884:  The Working Girls of Boston" - Fifteenth Annual Report of the Massachusetts Bureau of Labor Statistics

• 1885:  Pullman: A Social Study" - article by Richard T. Ely in Harper's Magazine 70 (Feb.)

• 1885:  Rock Springs is Killed” - White Reaction to the Rock Springs Riot

• 1885:  To This We Dissented” - The Rock Springs Riot

• 1886:  August Spies Defends the Eight-Hour Movement

• 1886:  The Bad News From Chicago” - Labor Organizer Oscar Ameringer Describes the Effect of the Haymarket Bombing on the Knights of Labor (as recalled in 1940)

• 1886:  A Healthy Public Opinion” - Terence V. Powderly Distances the Knights of Labor from the Haymarket Martyrs (as recalled in 1890)

• 1886:  Black Comedy - Racial Controversy at the Richmond Convention

• 1886:  Knight Errant - Drawing the Line on Black-White Equality

• 1886:  Knights of Labor Song

• 1886:  Race and Racism at the 1886 Knights of Labor Convention

• 1887:  Advice on Working and Saving

• 1887:  Interstate Commerce Act

• 1887:  Introducing New Recruits to “Labor’s Catechism”

• 1887:  Making Common Cause” - The Knights’ Assembly Hall

• 1888:  Equal Rights Party Platform

• 1888:  Looking Backward - Edward Bellamy (excerpt)

• 1888:  Prohibition Party Platform

• 1888:  Union Labor Party Platform

• 1889:  Altared States - Marriage Ends a Knights of Labor Organizer’s Career

• 1889:  The Gospel of Wealth - Andrew Carnegie

• 1889:  Home Sweet Home - Building and Loan Associations Lend a Hand

• 1889:  Divided We Conquer - A White Plantation Owner Undermines the Knights of Labor

• 1880s:  The Baby Was Made ‘Delegate No. 800’” - Frances Willard Meets Elizabeth Rodgers in the 1880s

• late 1880s:  The Greatest Tyrant in the State of Pennsylvania”- A Late Nineteenth-Century Rail Worker Describes Management

• 1890:  Sherman Anti-Trust Act (7/2)

• 1890-1926:  Chart on Consumerism Statistics

• 1891:  Digging for Answers - A Black Miner Ponders Racism

• 1892:  A Call To Action by James B. Weaver

• 1892:  Henry Frick Makes His Case

• 1892:  The Homestead Strike" - song lyrics

• 1892:  Homestead Strike documents

• 1892:  I Will Kill Frick”- Emma Goldman Recounts the Attempt to Assassinate the Chairman of the Carnegie Steel Company During the- Homestead Strike in 1892 (as recalled in 1930)

• 1892:   Organized Labor in the Campaign," North American Review, CLV (July) by Samuel Gompers

• 1892:  The Socialist Labor Party Platform

• 1892:  Spies for Hire - Advertising by the Pinkerton Agency

• 1892:  Swinton’s Silver Lining - Taking Comfort in the 1892 Strikes

• 1892:  Telling Secrets Out of School - Charles Siringo on the Pinkertons

• 1893:  Certain Fundamental Truths” - The AFL Protests Unemployment

• 1893:  If A Diogenes Prefers Poverty” - Lewelling Defends the Rights of the Unemployed

• 1893:  Pardon Message by Gov. John Peter Altgeld of the Haymarket anarchists (6/26)

• 1893:  Friends in High Places - A Pro-Labor Governor, Davis Waite (CO), Speaks Out

• 1893:  What’s Good for the Goose. . . - Labor and the Theory of Evolution

• 1894:  Address to 1894 Convention of American Railway Union - Jennie Curtis, President of ARU Local 269, the "Girls" Local Union

• 1894:  Are Sleeping Cars Protected by the Constitution - Mr. Dooley on the Pullman Strike

• 1894:  Eugene Debs addresses the American Railway Union

• 1894:  Father Knows Best - Strikers Denounce Pullman

• 1894:  For the Further Benefit of Our People” - George Pullman Answers His Strikers

• 1894:  The Great Railroad Strike of 1894" - part 13 from the autobiography of Frank A. Leach

• 1894:  In the Depths of a Coal Mine" - Stephen Crane in McClure's Magazine

• 1894:  Letters on the Pullman Strike

• 1894:  The Overthrow of the Molly Maguires"--Stories from the Archives of the Pinkerton Detective Agency - Cleveland Moffett in McClure's Magazine (pp. 90-100)

• 1894:       Various Documents on the Pullman Strike

• 1894:  Wealth Against the Commonwealth - Henry Demarest Lloyd

• 1895:  A Pledge of Allegiance - Joining the Grange

• 1895:  In re Debs

• 1895:  Plate, Punch Card, and Instructions for Herman Hollerith's Electric Sorting and Tabulating Machine

• 1895:  United States v. E. C. Knight Co.

• 1896:  A Call to Arms - George McNeill’s Unshakable Faith in Labor’s Future

• 1896:  Samuel Gompers, President, American Federation of Labor, Indianapolis, “To Affiliated Unions,” 27 June 1896, National Labor Standard (July)

• 1896:  The Science of Railways: Organization and Forces - Marshall Kirkman

• 1897:  The Business of a Factory” - Philip G. Hubert, Jr., Scribner’s (Jan.-June)

• 1897:  Was Christ a Union Man

• 1897-1920:  Labor Union Membership, 1897-1920 - chart

• 1898:  White Women Protest the Hiring of Black “Wage-Slaves”

• 1899:  The Battery of Imperialism" - political cartoon by Horace Taylor in The Verdict (9/25)

• 1899:  The Brotherhood of Man” - A Unionist Uses the Bible

• 1899:  How to crush monopoly! The remedy for trusts. Hon. M. L. Lockwood of Zelienopole, Pa., President of the American anti-trust league, declares for public ownership of railways in his address before the industrial commission" - broadside

• 1890s:  The Poisonous Occupations in Illinois”- Physician Alice Hamilton Explores the “Dangerous Trades” at the Turn of the Century (as recalled in 1943)

• 1914:  The Ludlow Massacre

• early 20c:  T-Bone Slim Pens “The Lumberjack’s Prayer”

• early 20c:  The Uprising of the Twenty Thousands" - song dedicated to the Waistmakers of 1909

• 1900:  In the Sight of God”- Woes of a Miner’s Wife - Ettie West (Voorhees, Indiana) to the editor, The United Mine Workers Journal (3/8)

• 1900:  Letter from Wilbur Wright to Octave Chanute concerning the Wright brothers' aviation experiments (5/13)

• 1900:  On Strike!" - Earl W. Mayo (about the Anthracite Coal Strike) from Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly (Nov.)

• 1900:  The Outlook for Socialism in the United States" - Eugene V. Debs

• 1901:  Pauline Neuman's Letter Describing Working Conditions at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory

• 1902:  The Coal Strike Hearings" - Miners Testify as to the Hardships of Their Employment, Etc. - from Public Opinion (12/18)

• 1902:  The Coal Strike Settlement - a Commission Proposed by the Operators and Accepted by the Miners - from Public Opinion (10/23)

• 1902:  Oh God, For One More Breath” - Early 20th century Tennessee Coal Miners’ Last Words

• 1902-4?:  Union-Busting at Cripple Creek - yellow-dog contract

• 1902-14:  Songs for the Working Children - Poems for the Campaign to End Child Labor

• 1903-13:  Child Labor Cartoons

• 1903:  A Craft Unionist Rewrites the Ten Commandments - G. Edmonston, the first President of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners. The Florida Labor Journal (May)

• 1903:  A Foretaste of the Orient” - John Murray, International Socialist Review (August)

• 1903:  How to Succeed in Life" - Andrew Carnegie

• 1903:  Thugs for Hire - Ads for Security Guards

• 1904:  Eugene V. Debs Speaks During the 1904 Presidential Campaign (sound file)

• 1904:  Gompers Calls for Action Over Cripple Creek

• 1904:  The History of the Standard Oil Company - Ida M. Tarbell (full text)

• 1904:  Ideas in Conflict - Opposing Views of the Cripple Creek Strike

• 1904:  Northern Securities Company v. U. S.

• 1904:  Playing for the Press- Strike Coverage by the Media

• 1905?:  I. W. W. poster

• 1905:  Lochner v. U. S.

• 1906:  The Jungle - Upton Sinclair (full text)

• 1908:  Children in the Cotton Mills (photos)   (scroll down)

• 1908:  Muller v. Oregon

• 1909:  The Uprising of the Twenty Thousand" - song lyrics (dedicated to the Waistmakers of 1909)

• 1910:  Don't Go Down in the Mine, Dad" - song lyrics

• 1910:  Homestead: The Households of a Mill Town - Margaret F. Byington   (more excerpts)

• 1910s:  Harvest Land” - A Lyrical Critique of John Farmer

• 1911:  The General Strike" - pamphlet by Bill Haywood of the I. W. W.

• 1911:  Plugging the Leaks - A Specialist Spies on Union Activities

• 1911:  The Principles of Scientific Management - Frederick W. Taylor

• 1911:  The Trusts, the People, and the Square Deal" - editorial by Theodore Roosevelt from The Outlook (11/18)

• 1911:  Working for the Triangle Shirtwaist Company

• 1912: Bread and Roses Lyrics to the Strike

• 1912:  Camella Teoli Testifies about the 1912 Lawrence Textile Strike

• 1912:  The Experiences Of A Hired Girl,” [author unknown],The Outlook (4/6)

• 1913:  The Pageant as a Form of Propaganda” - Reviews of the Paterson Strike Pageant

• 1913:  The Paterson Strike Pageant Program

• 1914:  American Labor Unions, By a Member - Helen Marot

• 1914:  A Brief for the Palmer-Owen Child Labor Bill

• 1914:  Clayton Anti-Trust Act

• 1914:  The Ludlow Massacre - Walter H. Fink

• 1914:  I Started Filling Rifles”- A Woman Strike Supporter Remembers the 1914 Ludlow Massacre (recalled in 1974)

• 1914:  I Was Not Wanted Any Longer” - A Retail Worker Joins the Union in 1914 and Gets Fired

• 1914:  Letter to Samuel Gompers from Josephine Casey concerning women labor organizers

• 1914:  One Strike Against Her - A Store Clerk Dares to Join the Union

• 1914:  The Story of My Cotton Dress" - The Child Labor Bulletin (Aug.)

• 1915:  Eight Hours in the Forenoon, Eight Hours in the Afternoon”- An IWW Organizer Describes the Horrors of Rural Work

• 1915:  In the Hot Seat - Rockefeller Testifies on Ludlow

• 1915:  The People Versus the Private Army

• 1915:  The Rebel Girl" - labor song written for Elizabeth Gurley Flynn

• 1915:  A Separate Peace - Alice Henry on Women and Unions

• 1915:  Solidarity Forever" - union song lyrics by Ralph Chaplin

• 1916:  Final Report and Testimony Submitted to Congress by the Commission on Industrial Relations, 64th Cong., 1st sess., S. Doc. 415, 2 - Samuel Gompers

• 1916:  Scott Nearing offered a disheartening prognosis for the social mobility of wage workers (8/16)

• 1917:  Pride and Joy - Specialists in Breaking Strikes

• 1919:   View of the 1919 Steel Strike

• 1925:  The Autobiography of Mother Jones - published by Charles Kerr