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• 1846:  Portrait of a Nation

• Agricultural Implements

• Alamo

• American Prophet--The Story of Joseph Smith (PBS)

• America's Wars--The Mexican-American War

• American West- A Celebration of the Human Spirit

• American West- Multicultural Perspectives

• "Anglo-American colonization in Texas" - Kjetil Ersdal (essay)

• Augusta Canal

• "Ballad of Davy Crockett" - lyrics by Tom Blackburn (1950s)

• Biography of America:  Westward Expansion (1803-1861) - Annenberg/CPB

• California as I Saw It: First-Person Narratives, 1849-1900

• Cheasapeake and Ohio Canal 1820

• Conner's Prairie Farm

• Coverlet Collection from the Frontier

• D & H Canal Historical Society (High Falls, NY)

• Deer Creek School in the Heart of Gold Country

• Diaries, Narratives, and Letters of the Mountain Men

• Donner Online

• Donner Party (The American Experience PBS Series)

• Erie Canal:  A Journey Through History

• Erie Canal Home Page

• Early California History:  An Overview (LOC)

• Eliza McCardle Johnson

• Expansion & Manifest Destiny - detailed outline

• Facts About the West During 1846

• "Foreign Policy (1825-1860)"

• Fifty Years in Oregon - from the diaries of T. T. Geer

• Frontier Homes (The History Channel)

• Gold Fever (The American Experience PBS series)

• Gold Rush!  California's Untold Stories

• Gold Rush Fast Facts

• Gold Rush (PBS Series)

• Gold Rush Chronicles

• History of the Erie Canal

• Hudson River Maritime Museum (Kingston, NY)

• Hudson River School (Artcyclopedia) - large links of artists & their works

• Hudson River School of Painting (1)

• Hudson River School of Painting (2)

• Inland Navigation-Connecting the New Republic, 1790-1840

• Interactive Santa Fe Trail

• James K. Polk (1) - PBS Series on the American Presidency

• James K. Polk (2) - POTUS site

• Julia Boggs Dent Grant

• Levi Strauss & Co.

• Lest We Forget--People of Color on America's Western Frontier

• Library of Western Fur Trade Historical Source Documents--Diaries, Narratives, and Letters of the Mountain

• "Manifest Destiny" - Michael T. Lubragge (essay)

• "Manifest Destiny: The Old v. The New" - chart

• Map-->"America in 1860"

• Map-->"The Oregon Trail:  1843" (interactive)

• Map-->"U. S. Fifty States No Labels Black-and-White Outline Map"

• Map-->"U. S. Physical Map--Black-and-White Outline"

• Map-->"U. S. Physical and Political Black-and-White Outline Map"

• Margaret Mackall Smith Taylor

• The Mexican American War:  1846-1848

• The Mexican War and Slavery - political cartoons (Boondocksnet)

• Mormonism and the American Mainstream

• Mountain Men & the Fur Trade (American Northwest)

• Nineteenth Century in Print- Periodicals

• Northwest of the West- the Frontier Experience on the Northwest Coast

• Oregon Territory and It's Pioneers

• Oregon Trail

• Paintings of Manifest Destiny

• Reasons for Empire (outline notes)

• Robert Fulton

• Sam Houston Memorial Museum

• San Francisco & the Gold Rush: 1840s-1850s

• Sarah Childress Polk

• Secrets of a Master Builder--How James Eads Tamed the Mighty Mississippi (The American Experience PBS series)

• Transcontinental Railroad

• Triumph and Tragedy- Women's Voices from the Oregon Trail

• The U. S.-Mexican War (PBS)

• Western Immigration

• Westward by Sea- A Maritime Perspective on American Expansion, 1820-1890 (LOC)

• Wild! Wild! West! - huge site of weblinks

• Women of the West

• Zachary Taylor (1) - PBS Series on the American Presidency

• Zachary Taylor (2) - POTUS site

• 1790-1860:  Table Showing Data On the Percentage of Urban Population, 1790 - 1860

• early 19c:  Sell a Country! Why Not Sell the Air? - Tecumseh

• 1810:  Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa, the Shawnee Prophet, Speeches

• 1818:  Building of the Erie Canal - William H. Seward (1818-1825)

• 1823:  Captured By Indians- Mary Jemison Becomes an Indian

• 1823:  Johnson v. McIntosh

• 1823:  "The Morality of Manufactures" - Nile's Weekly Register

• 1823-1839:  Various documents on the removal of the Cherokee Nation

• 1824:  Gottfried Duden - Letters - Frontier and Wilderness Life (1824-1825)

• 1825:  Peter Skene Ogden's Journal of His Journey into Utah

• 1826:  Diet and Health of Frontier Women - Gottfried Dudden

• 1826:  The Last of the Mohicans, Volume 1   Volume 2 - James Fenimore Cooper

• 1827:  Elias Boudimott Proposes a Cherokee Newspaper

• 1827:  "View Near the Village of Catskill" - painting by Thomas Cole

• 1828:  Treaty With the Potawatami

• 1830:  "Niagara Falls" - painting by Thomas Cole

• 1830:  Preemption & Homestead Acts (1830, 1841)

• 1831:  The Burlend Family Encounters America’s System for Populating the West, Pike Country, IL

• 1831:  Cherokee Nation v. Georgia

• 1832:  Autobiography of John Ball - Across the Plains to Oregon

• 1832:  Nathaniel Wyeth's Journals of His Expeditions into the OR Country (1832-1834)

• 1832:  Worcester v. Georgia

• 1833:  Life of Black Hawk

• 1834:  Letter by Davy Crockett on Andrew Jackson and Crockett's moving to Texas

• 1835:  The Canal Boat - Nathaniel Hawthorne Travels the Erie Canal

• 1835:  Declaration of the People of Texas (11/7)

• 1835:  "Nature's Wonderland" - painting by Thomas Doughty

• 1836:  “Everything Here is New But the Forests” - Englishman Thomas Woodcock Travels to Niagara on the Erie Canal

• 1836:  Memorial and Protest of the Cherokee Nation

• 1836:  Stephen Austin - address delivered at Louisville

• 1836:  Texas Declaration of Independence

• 1836:  Treaty of Velasco - between the U. S. and Mexico

• 1836:  William Travis' Letter From the Commandancy of the Alamo

• 1839:  "Manifest Destiny" - John L. O'Sullivan

• 1839:  Poster circulated in Philadelphia to discourage the coming of the railroad

• 1840:  An American View of Mexican California - Richard Henry Dana, Jr.

• 1840:  "Fenimore Cooper's Libels on America and Americans" - anonymous

• 1841:  The Deerslayer; or, The First Warpath . . . Volume 1 - James Fenimore Cooper    Volume 2

• 1842:  “A Foreigner in My Own Land” - Juan Nepomuceno Seguin Flees Texas

• 1842:  Quotations from Horace Greeley

• 1842:  Webster-Ashburton Treaty

• 1844:  Across the Plains in 1844 - from the journals of Catherine Sager Pringle

• 1844:  "Martyrdom of Joseph & Hiram Smith in Carthage Jail" - lithograph

• 1844:  "Mr. Van Buren" - The United States Democratic Review / Volume 15, Issue 73, July 1844

• 1844:  "The Re-Annexation of Texas, in its Influence on the Duration of Slavery" - The United States Democratic Review / Volume 15, Issue 73, July 1844

• 1845:  "American Enterprise in Steam Navigation" - The American Whig Review / Volume 2, Issue 1, July 1845

• 1845:  Congressional Resolution for Texas Annexation

• 1845:  Daily Wage Rates on the Erie Canal, 1845-1870 - statistical chart

• 1845:  "The Great Nation of Futurity" - John L. O'Sullivan

• 1845:  Inaugural Address of James K. Polk

• 1845:  "Monopoly of Land is the Great Evil" - Lewis Masquerrier in Young America (7/19)

• 1845:  "Mr. Clay - The Texas Question" - The American Whig Review / Volume 1, Issue 1, Jan 1845

• 1845:  "The Oregon Question" - The United States Democratic Review / Volume 16, Issue 84, June 1845

• 1845:  "The Tariff Question" - The American Whig Review / Volume 2, Issue 2, August 1845

• 1845:  "Territorial Aggrandizement" - The United States Democratic Review / Volume 17, Issue 88, October 1845

• 1845:  Treaty for the Annexation of Texas (March 1, 1845)

• 1845:  "The Whig Party, Its Position, and Duties" - The American Whig Review / Volume 2, Issue 6, December 1845

• 1845:  "Will There Be War with Mexico?" - The American Whig Review / Volume 2, Issue 3, September 1845

• 1846:  "Administration of Indian Affairs" - The United States Democratic Review / Volume 18, Issue 95, May

• 1846:  "Boatmen on the Missouri" - painting by George Caleb

• 1846:  “A Hungery Savage Look which was Truly Fearful” - Samuel Chamberlain’s Recollections of the Mexican War

• 1846:  The Mexican War & Slavery - political cartoons (1846-1848)

• 1846:  “More Like A Pig Than a Bear ”- Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo Is Taken Prisoner During the Bear Flag Revolt

• 1846:  "The Oregon Question: War and Peace" - The American Whig Review / Volume 3, Issue 2, February 1846

• 1846:  The Oregon Treaty 

• 1846:  "The Oregon Treaty" - The American Whig Review / Volume 4, Issue 2, Aug 1846

• 1846:  President Polk's War Message

• 1846:  "Table of the new rates of toll on the Erie canal, as established by the canal board, and in effect on said canal" - broadside

• 1846:  Wilmot Proviso

• 1847:  "Against the Mexican War" - Thomas Corwin

• 1847:  David Wilmot Argues for a Free California

• 1847:  The Donner Party's Log Entries (

• 1847:  Elizabeth Dixon Smith Geer, pioneer journal (1847-1850) - full journal entries

• 1847:  “For Oregon!” - Settlers From Illinois Describe the New Territory

• 1847: 

• 1847:  Mexican War - assorted documents and data 

• 1847:  "The Mexican War - Its Origin and Conduct" - The United States Democratic Review / Volume 20, Issue 106, April 1847

• 1847:  "Sam Houston and his Republic" - The American Whig Review / Volume 5, Issue 6, Jun 1847

• 1847:  "Mr. Slidell's Mission to Mexico" - The American Whig Review / Volume 5, Issue 4, Apr 1847

• 1847:  "The President's Message: The War" - The American Whig Review / Volume 5, Issue 1, Jan 1847

• 1847:  "The Whigs and the War" - The American Whig Review / Volume 6, Issue 4, Oct 1847

• 1848:  "The Administration: its Treatment of General Scott" - The American Whig Review / Volume 7, Issue 6, June 1848

• 1848:  Letter by Abraham Lincoln on the Mexican War

• 1848:  "The Mexican War - Its Origin, its Justice and its Consequences" - The United States Democratic Review / Volume 22, Issue 115, Jan 1848

• 1848:  "Necessity of Party - The Press - The Locofoco Platform" - The American Whig Review / Volume 8, Issue 1, July 1848

• 1848:  "The Nomination: General Taylor" - The American Whig Review / Volume 8, Issue 1, July 1848

• 1848:  "The Peaceable Kingdom" - painting by Edward Hicks

• 1848:  Present at the Beginning of the Gold Rush - Journalist Edward Gould Buffum Pans Gold in California

• 1848:  “A Rush to the Gold Washings,” from the California Star

• 1848:  "Calhoun's Speech against the Conquest of Mexico" - The American Whig Review / Volume 7, Issue 3, Mar 1848

• 1848:  "The President and his Administration" - The American Whig Review / Volume 7, Issue 5, May 1848

• 1848:  "To the West!" song lyrics

• 1848:  Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

• 1848:  "The War: The New Issue" - The American Whig Review / Volume 7, Issue 2, Feb 1848

• 1848:  "The Whigs and their Candidate" - The American Whig Review / Volume 8, Issue 3, Sept 1848

• 1848:  William Porter's Oregon Trail Diary

• 1849:  Adventures of an Overland Journey to California - Alonzo Delano

• 1849:  "Californian Gold" - The United States Democratic Review / Volume 24, Issue 127, January 1849

• 1849:  The Constitution of the State of Deseret - the Mormons (7/18)

• 1849:  From the Diary of Alvin Coffey, African American 49er 

• 1849:  Inaugural Address of Zachary Taylor

• 1849:  Luzena Wilson's View of the Overland Trek

• 1849:  Miner’s Ten Commandments

• 1849:  "Sacramento" - song about the CA Gold Rush

• 1849:  "We, the undersigned, citizens of the United States, being about to leave our homes for California, for the purpose of mining and digging gold ... have agreed to unite together and form an association" - broadside

• 1850:  California- A Trip Across the Plains - James Abbey

• 1850:  Clayton-Bulwer Treaty

• 1850:  New Railroad Mileage Charts (by region), 1850-1860

• 1850:  Six Months in the Gold Mines - Edward Gould Buffum

• 1850:  William Swain Letter written from "The Diggings" in California

• 1851:  “Dame Shirley” Describes Life at a California Gold Mining Camp in the Sierra Nevada Mountains

• 1852:  Harriet Scott Palmer on Crossing the Great Plains

• 1852:  “This Muddy Place” - Mary Ballou, a Boardinghouse Keeper in the California Gold Rush

• 1852:  Treaty with the Apache

• 1852:  “We Are Not the Degraded Race You Would Make Us” - Norman Asing Challenges Chinese Immigration Restrictions

• 1852:  White and Chinese miners hoping to strike it rich during the California Gold Rush at Auburn Ravine (photo)

• 1853:  Gadsden Purchase Treaty

• 1853:  "The Monroe Doctrine versus The Clayton and Bulwer Treaty (an expose)" - The United States Democratic Review / Volume 32, Issue 3, Mar 1853

• 1853:  "Progress (The Advance of Civilization)" - a painting by Asher Brown Durand

• 1854:  Chief Seattle, Oration

• 1854:  Letter from Brigham Young to Thomas Kane

• 1855:  The Land of Gold:  Reality Versus Fiction - Hinton H. Helper     (entire text)

• 1856:  "Hiawatha" - a poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, illustrated by John Rea Neill

• 1857:  The Discovery of Gold in California by Gen. John Sutter

• 1857:  "The Miner's Song"

• 1858:  "Abrogation of the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty - Central America, Mexico, and Cuba" - The United States Democratic Review / Volume 42, Issue 6, December 1858

• 1858:  "Democratic Policy - The Empire" - The United States Democratic Review / Volume 42, Issue 5, November 1858

• 1858:  "The Fate of the Tejanos" from Personal Memoirs of John N. Seguín

• 1860:  "The Cradle and Manner of Using It" - political cartoon about the Chinese and the Gold Rush - Hutchings California Magazine

• 1872:  "American Progress" - painting by John Gast (about Manifest Destiny)

• 1885:  Causes of the Mexican War - U. S. Grant (from his memoirs)